Blower Motor Manufacturers

Blower motor: the core knowledge of the product you must know

I. What is a blower motor?

A blower motor is an electromechanical device that uses electrical energy as a power source and drives the fan blades to rotate at high speed through internal motor components to achieve directional gas delivery. Its core function is to efficiently convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then use the aerodynamic design of the blades to drive the flow of air or other gases to form an airflow with a certain pressure and flow. Unlike ordinary motors, the design of the blower motor focuses more on the matching with the blades to ensure that the required airflow can be stably output under specific working conditions. Whether it is as small as a breeze in the cockpit of a car or as large as a strong wind in an industrial workshop, it is inseparable from its precise operation.

II. What are the main parts of the blower motor?

Its core structure can be divided into five key parts. The first is the motor body, which is the core of energy conversion. It includes a stator, a rotor and a winding. The stator provides a magnetic field, the rotor rotates under the action of the magnetic field, and the winding generates electromagnetic force through the current. The three work together to complete the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy. The second is the fan blade. The shape (such as centrifugal arc, axial streamline), angle and number of the blade directly affect the pressure, flow and direction of the airflow. Different blade designs correspond to different application scenarios. Then there is the control module. Common ones include speed regulating resistors, electronic control units (ECUs), etc., which can accurately control the speed by adjusting the current or voltage of the input motor, thereby changing the air volume. The third is the shell, which can not only protect the internal components from damage by dust, water vapor and external forces, but also play a certain role in sound insulation and heat dissipation. Some shells will also design airflow channels to guide gas flow. Finally, the bearing is installed between the motor shaft and the shell to reduce the friction resistance when the rotor rotates, ensure the smooth operation of the motor, and extend the service life. Common ones are ball bearings and sliding bearings. The former is suitable for high-speed scenarios, while the latter is more advantageous under low noise requirements.

III. What are the common types of blower motors?

Divided from different dimensions, the types are rich and varied. According to the power supply mode, it can be divided into two types: DC and AC. DC blower motors are mostly powered by 12V or 24V low voltage, and are widely used in automobiles, small household appliances and other fields. The speed can be easily adjusted by changing the voltage, with good starting performance and high control accuracy. AC blower motors are directly connected to 220V or 380V AC power supply, with relatively simple structure and low cost. They are often used in household air conditioners, industrial ventilation equipment, etc., with strong speed stability, but relatively complex speed regulation.

According to the structural form, it can be divided into centrifugal and axial flow types: the blades of centrifugal blower motors are mostly arranged radially, and the gas enters from the center of the impeller and is thrown to the edge of the impeller under the action of centrifugal force, thereby obtaining a higher wind pressure, which is suitable for scenes that need to overcome large pipeline resistance, such as large central air conditioning units and boiler ventilation systems; the blades of axial flow blower motors are distributed axially, and the gas flows along the direction of the motor shaft. It has the characteristics of large flow but low wind pressure, and is commonly found in electric fans, ventilation ducts, automotive cooling fans and other equipment with high demand for large flow.

IV. What are the differences in the performance of different types of blower motors?

The performance differences are mainly reflected in wind pressure, flow, efficiency and applicable scenarios. Compared with DC and AC blower motors, DC motors have a wider speed regulation range, smoother adjustment from low speed to high speed, faster response speed, and better performance in occasions where frequent changes in air volume are required (such as car air conditioning), but the power is relatively small and requires a DC power supply; AC motors have more advantages in high-power output, high operating stability, low maintenance cost, and are suitable for long-term continuous operation of industrial equipment.

Compared with centrifugal and axial flow, centrifugal motors can generate higher wind pressure, can transport gas to a longer distance or overcome the resistance of complex pipelines, but the air flow rate is relatively small and the noise is slightly higher; axial flow motors have a large air flow rate, can quickly realize large-area gas circulation, low noise, but low wind pressure, suitable for short-distance, low-resistance ventilation scenarios, such as indoor fans and air circulation in ventilation ducts.

V. What are the performance parameters of blower motors and what do they represent?

The key performance parameters mainly include the following:
Air volume: refers to the volume of gas delivered per unit time, usually in cubic meters per hour (m³/h). It directly reflects the air delivery capacity of the blower motor. For example, the air volume of the blower motor of a household air conditioner needs to match the size of the room to ensure the cooling and heating effect.

Air pressure: refers to the pressure of the gas during the flow process, in Pascal (Pa), which represents the ability of the motor to overcome the resistance of the pipeline. Insufficient air pressure will cause the gas to fail to reach the designated location. For example, the ventilation system of an industrial boiler requires a higher air pressure to deliver air into the furnace.

Speed: refers to the number of rotations of the motor per minute, in revolutions per minute (r/min). The speed is closely related to the air volume and air pressure. Usually, the higher the speed, the greater the air volume and air pressure. The speed regulation function is achieved by changing the speed.

Power: refers to the electrical power consumed by the motor, in watts (W). The power affects the output capacity of the motor and is also related to energy consumption. When choosing, energy saving should be taken into account while meeting performance requirements.

Efficiency: refers to the ratio of the mechanical energy output by the motor to the input electrical energy. The higher the efficiency, the smaller the energy loss and the more economical the operation. Especially in equipment that runs for a long time, high-efficiency motors can significantly reduce costs.

VI. What faults are prone to occur in blower motors and what are the reasons?

There are three main types of common faults:
First, the air volume is reduced or there is no wind. This is usually due to the fan blades being blocked by dust and debris, resulting in obstruction of the air flow channel; it may also be a control module failure, such as damage to the speed regulating resistor or abnormal ECU signal, which cannot normally adjust the motor speed; in addition, the motor winding is partially short-circuited, resulting in a decrease in output power, which will also reduce the air volume.

Second, the motor has abnormal noise, which is mostly caused by bearing wear. After long-term use, the lubricating oil in the bearing is lost, and the friction between the ball and the bearing seat is intensified, producing a "rustling" sound or "buzzing" sound; if the blade is installed loosely or rubs against the outer shell, it will also emit a harsh friction sound; in addition, the motor rotor is unbalanced, and centrifugal force deviation is generated during rotation, which will cause the whole machine to vibrate and be accompanied by abnormal noise.

The third is that the motor overheats and burns. The reason may be that the motor is overloaded for a long time, exceeding its rated power, resulting in excessive winding temperature; it may also be poor heat dissipation, such as the housing ventilation holes are blocked and heat cannot be dissipated; it may also be abnormal power supply voltage. Too high or too low voltage will cause abnormal winding current, causing overheating, and in severe cases directly burning the motor.

VII. How to perform daily maintenance on the blower motor to extend its service life?

Daily maintenance should start from three aspects: cleaning, operation monitoring and regular inspection:
Cleaning: Regularly clean the dust and oil on the fan blades and air inlet. You can use a soft brush or compressed air to blow to avoid debris accumulation that affects airflow and heat dissipation, especially for motors used in dusty environments, such as ventilation equipment in industrial workshops, the cleaning frequency should be higher.
During operation monitoring: Avoid running the motor above the rated power for a long time to prevent overload and overheating; pay attention to the sound and temperature of the motor during operation. If abnormal noise or excessive housing temperature (more than 10°C above the normal operating temperature) is found, the motor should be stopped immediately for inspection and used after troubleshooting.
Regular inspection: Pay attention to the bearing status. If abnormal noise or uneven rotation is found, add lubricant or replace the bearing in time; check the insulation of the winding. Use a multimeter to measure the insulation resistance to ensure that it meets safety standards and prevent short circuits; at the same time, check whether the connection line of the control module is loose or aging, and tighten or replace the damaged line in time to ensure the normal transmission of the control signal. Through these measures, the occurrence of faults can be effectively reduced and the service life of the blower motor can be extended.

VIII. How to choose a suitable blower motor for a specific device? ​

To select a suitable blower motor for a specific device, many factors need to be considered comprehensively. First, the air volume requirements of the equipment must be clarified, and the air volume parameters of the blower motor must be determined according to the volume and speed of the gas to be transported by the equipment. For example, the automobile air conditioning system needs to select the air volume that can quickly achieve temperature adjustment according to the size of the cockpit space; industrial ventilation equipment must match the air volume according to the workshop area and ventilation frequency.​

The second is the wind pressure requirement. If there are resistances such as pipe bends and filter screens in the gas transmission path of the equipment, a motor with sufficient wind pressure must be selected. For example, the ventilation duct of the boiler has a complex path and needs to overcome the pressure in the furnace, so it must be equipped with a high-pressure blower motor; while ordinary electric fans do not need to overcome complex resistance, so low-pressure motors can meet the needs. ​

The power supply method of the equipment should also be considered. If the equipment uses a DC power supply (such as a car's 12V power supply), a DC blower motor must be selected; if the equipment is connected to an AC power supply (such as a household 220V power supply), an AC blower motor is more suitable to avoid the motor from not working properly or being damaged due to power mismatch. ​

In addition, the installation space and structure of the equipment are also critical. Centrifugal blower motors are usually relatively large in size and are suitable for equipment with sufficient installation space, such as large central air conditioner outdoor units; axial flow blower motors are relatively compact in structure and are more suitable for scenes with limited installation space, such as cooling fans in car engine compartments.​

At the same time, the need for noise control cannot be ignored. Equipment used in noise-sensitive environments (such as homes and offices) should choose axial-flow blower motors with lower operating noise; while places such as industrial workshops that do not require high noise can choose centrifugal or axial-flow motors according to performance requirements. ​

Finally, it is necessary to combine the energy consumption standards of the equipment and choose a high-efficiency blower motor, especially for equipment that runs for a long time (such as industrial ventilation systems). High-efficiency motors can significantly reduce energy consumption costs and achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction. ​